Source: Holstein Canada
Genetic Traits and Colour Codes
| Gene Name | Description | Gene and Expression Code |
|---|---|---|
| BY | Brachyspina (causes abortion & stillborn, shortened spinal cord, long legs & abnormal organs) |
BYC = tested carrier of Brachyspina BYF = tested non-carrier of Brachyspina |
| CVM | Complex Vertebral Malformation (causes still-born calves, abortions, and early embryonic losses) |
CVC = tested carrier of CVM CVF = tested non-carrier of CVM |
| BLAD | Bovine Leucocyte Adhesion Deficiency (deficiency of a normally occurring protein needed for white blood cells or leukocytes, which are body’s infection fighters) |
BLC = tested carrier of BLAD BLF = tested non-carrier of BLAD |
| MULEFOOT | Mulefoot (toes of foot are joined, giving animal a single hoof, instead of cloven ones) |
MFC = tested carrier of MULEFOOT MFF = tested non-carrier of MULEFOOT |
| DUMPS | Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (one of many enzymes contributing to normal metabolic processes) |
DPC = tested carrier of DUMPS DPF = tested non-carrier of DUMPS |
| CHOLESTEROL DEFICIENCY | Cholesterol Deficiency (a genetic disposition for increased calf losses with Holstein cattle) |
CDF =Tested Free of Cholesterol Deficiency CDC = Tested Carrier of Cholesterol Deficiency CDS = Tested True Cholesterol Deficiency |
| BETA CASEIN A2 | Beta Casein (A1 and A2 beta-casein are genetic variants of the beta-casein milk protein that differ by one amino acid) |
A2A2 = Beta Casein A2A2 A1A1 = Beta Casein A1A1 A1A2 = Beta Casein A1A2 |
| FACTOR XI | Factor XI Blood clotting disorder |
XIC = tested carrier of FACTOR XI XIF = tested non-carrier of FACTOR XI |
| CIT | Citrullinemia Accumulation of ammonia and other toxics in blood in baby calves |
CNC = tested carrier of CIT CNF = tested non-carrier of CIT |
| KAPPA CASEIN | Results are a combination of A, B and E gene types. | BB, AB, BE, AA, AE, EE |
| BETA LACTOGLOBULIN | Results are a combination of A and B gene types. | AA, AB, BB |
| ALPHA S-1 CASEIN | Results are a combination of B and C gene types. | BB, BC, CC |
POLLED & TRANSMITTING CODES
| Gene Name | Description | Gene and Expression Code |
|---|---|---|
| POLLED | Animals without horns (Reported born hornless – Not Tested) |
POR = code |
| POLLED (Current-Indirect test) |
Indirect Test POS = true polled (homozygous PP) POC = carrier of polled (heterozygous Pp) POF = free of polled |
Birth Codes (Secondary)
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| MB | Multiple Birth |
| ET | Embryo Transfer (regular) |
| ETA | Embryo Transfer Adult Clone |
| ETM | Embryo Transfer Manipulation (Clone, Divided, Nuclear Transfer, Split) |
Coat/Hair Colour Codes
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| AB | All Black |
| AR | All Red |
| AW | All White |
| B/R | Black/red (primarily B&W although exhibits reddish peculiar hair patterns– muzzles, ears, dorsal stripe, etc.) |
| B&W | Black and White |
| IC | Irregular or other colour (non-typical animals) |
| R&W | Red and White |
| LB | Lineback (animal having a distinct white stripe along the spine) |
Coat/Hair Colour Codes
| Gene Name | Description | Gene and Expression Code |
|---|---|---|
| Homozygous Black (ED / ED) | B&W – black & white | RDF – Tested non-carrier of red gene |
| Red Carrier (ED / e) | B&W – black & white | RDC – Carrier of red gene |
| Homozygous Red (e / e) | R&W – red & white | |
| Heterozygous Wildtype (e / E+)1 | B/R – black/red colour pattern R&W – red & white |
RDC – Carrier of red gene |
| Heterozygous Black/Wildtype (ED / E+)1 | B&W – black & white B&W – black & white |
BRC – Carrier of black/red gene RDC – Carrier of red gene |
| Homozygous Wildtype (E+ / E+)1 | R&W – red & white B/R – black/red colour pattern B&W – black & white |
RDC – Carrier of red gene RDC – Carrier of red gene BRC – Carrier of black/red gene |
| Variant Red | R&W – red & white | VRR – Not tested / determined by lineage BKC – Carrier of black gene VRF – Free of Variant Red VRC – Carrier of Variant Red VRS – Homozygous Variant Red |
GT Codes
| Code | Description |
|---|---|
| GTM | Genotype on file from DNA Micro-satellite Test |
| GTS | Genotype on file from SNP Genomic Test |
| GT | Indicates on the animal info sheet (AIS) that the animal has been genotyped. |
| *If both tests have been done, the code GTSM will be displayed | |
Legend
- 1 E+ can be black, black/red or red based on pedigree.
