Proper nutrition is essential for market steers to reach their full potential in show competitions. A well-balanced diet that includes adequate protein, energy, and minerals supports optimal growth, muscle development, and appropriate fat cover for show day. This guide outlines key dietary components and best practices for feeding market steers.
Concentrates: Providing Essential Energy and Protein
Concentrates, commonly referred to as grain, serve as the primary energy and protein source in a market steer’s diet. Most grain mixes contain 12–14% protein, with many exhibitors opting for a 14% mix. Some commercial feeds also include fat sources (typically 3–4%) to enhance fat cover development.
To introduce grain, start by feeding 1 lb. per meal, twice daily, and gradually increase by ½ lb. per day every 1–2 days. Adjust intake based on the steer’s growth rate and target market weight. If using a commercial feed, follow the label’s feeding instructions.
Feed Additives: Supporting Digestive and Immune Health
Commercial concentrate feeds often include additives to promote steer health:
- Coccidiostats (Rumensin or Bovatec): Prevent coccidiosis, a parasite-induced disease that can cause severe diarrhea and even death.
- Yeast Products: Help prevent digestive upsets and maintain consistent feed intake.
While these additives are not mandatory, they contribute to overall digestive health and performance.
Roughages: Maintaining Digestive Function
Roughages, primarily hay, are critical for maintaining a healthy rumen and preventing digestive issues such as acidosis. Steers should receive roughage with every feeding to maintain proper digestion.
Newly purchased calves should initially be fed high-quality grass hay before gradually introducing concentrates, following the recommended feeding guidelines.
Water: A Vital Nutrient for Growth
Access to clean, fresh water is essential for feed intake and overall health. Water buckets should be scrubbed weekly to encourage consumption, as poor water quality can negatively impact growth rates.
Vitamins and Minerals: Ensuring Balanced Nutrition
Most commercial feeds are formulated to meet a steer’s vitamin and mineral requirements when fed as directed. If using a custom grain mix without added vitamins and minerals, supplement with a high-quality salt-and-mineral mix formulated for growing cattle.
To maintain consistent feed intake, steers should be fed at the same times each day. Feed adjustments should be made gradually, particularly as the steer nears its target weight and fat cover. If manure becomes too loose, consider increasing roughage and reducing concentrate intake.
By implementing a well-balanced feeding program, exhibitors can optimize their market steers’ growth and performance for a successful show season.
