As cattle head out to pasture for the grazing season, beef producers may find themselves dealing with a common nuisance: pinkeye. While vaccination programs can protect calves from many diseases, pinkeye remains a challenge due to its complex nature and inconsistent vaccine results.
What Is Pinkeye?
Pinkeye, or infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, is an eye infection that causes inflammation of the cornea and conjunctiva. It’s primarily caused by the bacterium Moraxella bovis, but other bacteria and viruses can be involved. Symptoms include:
-
Excessive tearing
-
Squinting or blinking
-
Cloudy or ulcerated eyes
-
Sensitivity to light
-
In severe cases, blindness
Why Pinkeye Occurs
Pinkeye usually begins when the surface of the eye (the cornea) is irritated or damaged. This makes it easier for bacteria to attach and cause infection. Common causes of eye irritation on pasture include:
-
Bright sunlight (UV exposure)
-
Tall grass and seedheads
-
Dust and wind
-
Flies, which both irritate the eye and spread bacteria from one animal to another
How to Prevent Pinkeye
Since pinkeye can spread quickly and affect animal performance, prevention is the best strategy. Key steps include:
1. Limit Eye Irritation
-
Keep pastures mowed to reduce seedheads
-
Minimize dust and wind exposure
-
Provide access to shade when possible
A healthy, undamaged cornea is the animal’s first defense against infection.
2. Control Flies
Flies are major carriers of pinkeye bacteria. Reducing fly populations helps limit spread. Use a multi-step approach:
-
Insecticide ear tags
-
Pour-on or spray treatments
-
Feed additives (fly control larvicides)
-
Fly traps and bait stations
Even if neighboring farms struggle with flies, consistent efforts can still make a big difference.
3. Support Immune Health
Good nutrition is essential for disease resistance. Provide a balanced mineral program that includes nutrients like zinc and vitamin A, which are important for eye and immune health. Testing feed and water sources can help fine-tune supplementation and control costs.
Early Treatment Matters
Check cattle frequently for early signs of pinkeye. The sooner it’s caught, the easier it is to treat and control.
If signs appear:
-
Treat with antibiotics specifically labeled for pinkeye. Follow dosage instructions and weigh animals for accurate treatment.
-
Consider eye patches to protect the eye and promote healing. Leave a small opening for drainage and airflow.
-
Use anti-inflammatory medication to ease pain and reduce swelling.
-
Provide shade to improve comfort and reduce light sensitivity.
-
Discuss treatment plans with your veterinarian to ensure proper medication use and observe any withdrawal times.
In Summary:
Pinkeye is a frustrating but manageable condition. By minimizing irritants, controlling flies, supporting herd nutrition, and acting quickly when symptoms arise, producers can reduce the impact on herd health and performance. Working closely with a veterinarian can help you tailor a pinkeye prevention and treatment plan for your specific operation.
