In cow-calf operations, the primary economic driver is maximizing the number of calves weaned per cow exposed, with calf weight and phenotype following as additional factors. Calf health plays a critical role in ensuring growth, performance, and profitability, and this starts with prenatal care for the dam. Proper nutrition for a pregnant cow supports fetal development without compromising the cow’s health, leading to vigorous calves and better reproductive outcomes.
A crucial early step in calf health is ensuring the calf receives colostrum within the first four hours of life, as this provides essential immunity and nutrients. Colostrum, only available from the first milking, offers significantly higher protein, minerals, and growth factors compared to regular milk, all of which are vital for the calf’s development.
Monitoring calves for signs of illness is especially important in the first two months. Quick detection of abnormal behaviors can improve recovery rates and inform management protocols. Calf scours, a potentially fatal condition in the first month, is best managed through preventive measures. These include providing a clean calving environment, ensuring timely colostrum intake, and vaccinating the cow in the last trimester to boost antibody levels in colostrum.
