With the arrival of cooler weather, beef producers are extending the grazing season to reduce feed costs. Grazing on dormant pastures and crop residues can be effective in winter, but most herds will need supplemental hay before spring pastures are available. Preparing now by organizing hay supplies, sampling for quality, and planning feeding strategies will help ensure the herd’s nutritional needs are met efficiently.
1. Hay Sampling and Testing:
Properly sample each “lot” of hay—batches harvested from similar plant types, locations, and growth stages—to get an accurate quality assessment. Most labs recommend using a hay probe for consistent samples and testing for nutrients such as protein, moisture, and total digestible nutrients (TDN). Summer annuals should also be tested for nitrate levels.
2. Inventory and Categorize Hay:
Classify hay by type and quality, noting bale counts and weights. This will help estimate available feeding days and plan the winter diet according to the nutritional needs of the cows. Cows consume around 2.0–2.5% of their body weight daily on a dry matter basis, with higher-quality hay being more digestible and therefore more desirable in their diet.
3. Account for Storage and Feeding Losses:
To prevent losses, store bales off the ground, spaced apart, and in areas that minimize moisture exposure. Include a buffer in your hay inventory to account for typical storage and feeding losses, which can range from 10% to 25%.
4. Organize and Stage Hay in the Stackyard:
Arrange hay in the stackyard by type and quality for easy access. Clearly mark any hays that may have nitrate content to ensure they’re fed safely, often in combination with other hays. Collaborate with an Extension Educator or nutritionist to determine if additional supplements are needed, tailored to the herd’s stage of production.
Efficient hay management throughout winter can help maintain herd health, reduce waste, and control feeding costs.
