Expected progeny differences (EPDs) serve as predictive tools for estimating the genetic potential that a parent animal is likely to pass on to its offspring. These predictions become more accurate as data from additional offspring are collected. The use of DNA testing and genotyping further enhances the accuracy of EPDs, particularly for younger animals without recorded offspring performance.
Simplifying Trait Selection
While multiple EPDs are available to evaluate a bull’s traits, interpreting them can be complex due to the interactions between traits. Breed associations and industry organizations have developed selection indexes to assist producers by focusing on economically relevant traits tailored to specific operational goals, such as growth, carcass value, feed efficiency, and cow longevity.
Understanding the heritability of traits is critical to effective selection. Traits with high heritability, such as carcass characteristics, are more readily influenced by genetics. Conversely, low-heritable traits, such as calving interval, are often better addressed through management practices.
Key Insights on Traits and Their Improvement
The following provides a snapshot of how various traits impacting culling decisions are influenced by genetics versus management:
| Trait | Heritability (%) | Improved Through |
|---|---|---|
| Udder conformation | 28-32 | Genetics |
| Temperament | 10-30 | Both |
| Fertility (calving interval) | 10 | Management |
| Feed efficiency | 40-45 | Both |
| Carcass traits | 50 | Genetics |
Traits such as foot problems or calving intervals, which are less heritable, are better addressed through improved management. Meanwhile, heritable traits like udder conformation and carcass characteristics are prime candidates for genetic selection.
Maximizing EPD Utility
EPDs provide valuable guidance, but producers must pair them with practical considerations, including environmental conditions and operational goals. As breed associations continue to refine selection tools and provide more robust data, producers can make more informed decisions to improve herd productivity and profitability.
By combining genetic insights with effective management strategies, producers can achieve a balanced approach to herd improvement, driving long-term sustainability in cattle production.
