In Manitoba, early growing seasons often bring cold, wet soils that delay field access for farmers, shortening the already limited growing period. This delay impacts planting and overall crop productivity. Afua Mante, a University of Manitoba soil science researcher, is investigating the role of cover crops, particularly fall rye, to improve “soil trafficability”—the soil’s ability to bear machinery—by establishing root systems that help absorb moisture and prevent machinery from sinking.
Planting fall rye at the optimal time allows it to build root channels, drawing excess water downward and retaining it for drier periods. However, for effective moisture management, fall rye must be seeded early enough to establish strong root systems. Mante and her team aim to pinpoint the best seeding date for fall rye, as traditional recommendations have been too late for sufficient establishment in Manitoba’s climate.
Beyond seasonal water management, Mante suggests rethinking cover crops for year-round soil protection. Cover crops not only prevent erosion in the off-season but also help create root channels that improve water movement, reducing the risk of drought and the damage from intense rainfall. These crops build soil resilience, helping mitigate surface crusting and runoff that can follow heavy rains.
Supported by the Sustainable Canadian Agricultural Partnership and other local agricultural organizations, Mante and her team are researching how cover crops can sustain soil health in the face of challenges like soil compaction and erosion, aiming to build a long-term strategy for soil sustainability and productivity. While the benefits of cover crops require time, Mante emphasizes that an integrated, year-round management approach can yield lasting improvements in soil health.
