Spring calving season is a critical time for producers as they work to ensure the health and well-being of newborn calves. While most calves are born without complications, injuries such as limb fractures can occasionally occur. Understanding the causes, prevention strategies, and treatment options for fractures can help minimize risks and improve outcomes.
Causes and Risk Factors
Fractures in newborn calves typically result from trauma, including being stepped on, getting caught in fences, or slipping on slick surfaces. Identifying potential risk areas and implementing preventative measures can significantly reduce the likelihood of injuries.
Preventative Measures
To protect young calves and prevent fractures, consider the following strategies:
- Avoid overcrowding in pens and shelters to reduce the risk of calves being stepped on.
- Provide designated creep areas where calves can rest away from cows.
- Minimize muddy and slick surfaces that may cause slips and falls.
- Ensure adequate feeder space to prevent cows from jostling for access to feed.
- Maintain pens, fences, and gates to eliminate hazards such as pinch points or areas where a calf’s leg could become trapped.
Recognizing and Treating Fractures
If a calf sustains an injury, prompt veterinary consultation is essential for diagnosis and treatment. Many causes of lameness exist, including sprains, strains, infections, and deformities, so an accurate diagnosis is necessary before treatment.
Fractures can often be identified by visible deformities, swelling, or difficulty bearing weight. Stabilization is key to recovery, typically requiring splints or casts to immobilize the affected limb. A rigid material, such as a cut PVC pipe or a specialized cast, can be used as a splint, with proper padding to protect against pressure sores and abrasions. Keeping the wrap clean and dry is also important for preventing complications.
Healing and Pain Management
Most fractures in calves heal within six weeks, though splints or casts are usually kept in place for six to eight weeks. Because calves grow quickly, reassessing and possibly replacing the splint or cast after three to four weeks can ensure a proper fit and prevent secondary injuries.
Pain management is another critical aspect of treatment. Sedatives or pain medications may be necessary during casting or splinting, but most require veterinary supervision. Anti-inflammatory medications may also be an option under veterinary guidance.
Final Considerations
Fractures can be a challenge, but with proper prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment, many calves recover successfully. Regular monitoring and veterinary support play a key role in ensuring a positive outcome. If a calf exhibits signs of injury or lameness, timely intervention can make all the difference in its recovery and long-term health.
