As spring progresses, cattle producers are focused on preparing their replacement heifers for a successful breeding season. A key part of this preparation includes pre-breeding vaccinations and brucellosis immunization, commonly known as the Bangs vaccine. Timely administration of these vaccines is essential to support reproductive success and overall herd health.
Brucellosis Vaccination Timing and Purpose
Brucellosis, caused by Brucella abortus, can lead to serious reproductive issues including abortions, stillbirths, weak calves, retained placentas, and reduced milk production. To protect against this disease, heifers should receive the Bangs vaccine between 4 and 12 months of age. However, due to ongoing vaccine shortages that began in fall 2024, access has been delayed in many areas.
It’s important to note that the vaccine should be administered at least three days before breeding and is not suitable for pregnant animals.
Brucellosis-Free Status and Tattoo Identification
Thanks to years of strict control and widespread vaccination, all 50 U.S. states are currently recognized as brucellosis-free. However, occasional cases can still emerge from wildlife interactions, particularly near Yellowstone National Park.
To ensure proper identification of vaccinated animals, an accredited veterinarian or an official animal health authority administers the vaccine and applies a tattoo in the right ear. The tattoo includes three elements: a letter representing the vaccine type (such as “R” for reduced dose), the official brucellosis shield, and a number indicating the final digit of the vaccination year (e.g., “2” for 2022).
Tag Shortages and Identification Challenges
Alongside the vaccine shortage, veterinarians are also experiencing a delay in obtaining official USDA orange ear tags that are used to identify vaccinated animals. These 840 EID (Electronic Identification) tags, which have replaced the older metal tags, feature a 15-digit number linked to a premises ID and include animal details such as age, breed, and sex. Supply chain issues and reduced federal funding have contributed to a backlog in tag distribution, causing delays and additional costs for veterinary clinics.
The Importance of a Strong Vet-Client Relationship
These recent shortages emphasize the importance of maintaining a well-established veterinarian-client-patient relationship (VCPR). Veterinarians familiar with a herd’s management practices are better positioned to alert producers to product shortages and help schedule vaccinations at the appropriate time. This partnership also provides an opportunity to review overall herd health protocols, including pre-breeding vaccinations and preparations for calving and pasture turnout.
Being proactive and maintaining open communication with veterinary professionals can help producers navigate supply challenges while keeping their herds healthy and breeding programs on track.
