Transporting beef cattle safely—especially in hot weather—is a priority for Canadian beef producers. Nearly all cattle are moved multiple times in their lives, from farm to feedlot, market to slaughter. Done right, transport supports animal welfare and protects meat quality. Done poorly, it puts animals at risk and costs producers. With summer heat intensifying, extra care is needed to reduce stress and prevent harm.
Why Transport Matters
Transport is more than moving animals from point A to B. It’s a complex process that involves farmers, drivers, and receivers working together. Pre-transport decisions, proper handling, loading techniques, and vehicle conditions all influence outcomes. A recent Canadian study found that over 99.95% of cattle arrive safely—proof that when done properly, cattle transport is safe and effective.
Heat and Transport: Know the Risks
Cattle are vulnerable to heat stress. In temperatures above 30°C, especially when trucks are stationary or poorly ventilated, animals are at higher risk of distress, injury, or death.
Market cows (culls), thin or older animals, and freshly weaned calves are most at risk. These cattle should be:
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Transported during cooler times of day
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Segregated and well-bedded
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Loaded last and unloaded first
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Never placed in the “doghouse” (a cramped area above the trailer wheels)
Best Practices for Hot Weather Transport
1. Timing is Key
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Avoid hauling during peak daytime heat.
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Transport in early morning or late evening when temperatures are lower.
2. Prioritize Animal Fitness
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Only fit animals should be loaded.
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Cows with a body condition score (BCS) of 1 should never be transported. Those with a BCS of 2 should only be hauled short distances.
3. Minimize Stress
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Use calm, quiet handling.
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Ensure cattle are dry and have access to food and water within 5 hours of loading.
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Maintain proper bedding and ventilation in trailers.
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Avoid overcrowding—space allowances must balance animal comfort and trailer weight limits.
4. Use a Qualified Transporter
Livestock transport is different from hauling freight. Responsible haulers will:
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Avoid sudden stops, sharp turns, or rapid acceleration
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Stop regularly to check animals
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Follow feed, water, and rest regulations
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Communicate with the receiver about arrival time and animal status
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Be trained in cattle behaviour and handling
5. Maintain Records
Under Canada’s regulations, two documents are required:
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Animal Transport Record (must include animal and driver info, transport time, feeding status, trailer conditions, etc.)
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Transfer of Care Record (needed at auctions or slaughter facilities to document animal condition and timing of care)
Records must be retained for two years.
Facility Design and Handling Make a Difference
Transport-related bruising lowers carcass value. Good facility design and low-stress handling help prevent injury:
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Solid-sided chutes reduce distractions
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Curved alleys encourage natural movement
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Non-slip flooring (rubber mats, grooves, or sand) minimizes slips
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Properly aligned ramps with cleats should not exceed a 25° angle
Loading and unloading are often the most stressful parts of the journey. Calm, consistent handling, reduced noise, and group movement (not individual prodding) lower the risk of injury.
Final Thought
Hot weather transport requires planning, good communication, and attention to animal health. By following best practices, beef producers and haulers can protect their cattle, preserve carcass value, and support strong animal welfare outcomes.
For more on transport regulations and training, visit the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
